What is education definition essay?

educational paper

Terminology in the field of education

Educational academic papers are theoretical articles on education as the research object. An educational essay is a type of academic essay.

Chinese name: educational paper
Center language: paper

modifier: educate
illustrate: Positive Structured Phrases

effect

China’s education system is in the process of transition from “examination-oriented education” to ” quality education “. The so-called “quality education” is a brand-new teaching concept, a correct educational value orientation , and an educational method suitable for the development trend of the times. During this transition process, the majority of educators, especially teachers, need to change their concepts and actively participate in the practice of educational reform. Writing educational papers, actively participating in educational seminars, and exchanging experiences will not only help the dissemination of advanced teaching ideas, but also the promotion and popularization of new teaching methods. The research results of educational papers can be shared, referenced and discussed by colleagues in the educational field, so as to improve the quality of teaching, and also help educators improve their own educational theory level and teaching ability . Educational academic papers are a type of academic papers. Educational academic papers are theoretical articles on education as the research object. Famous academic journals and book series that publish educational papers include ” Chinese Educational Science ” and “Journal of Education”.

definition

Educational papers, as the name suggests, “papers” refer to specialized and systematic knowledge, and refer to articles that research and discuss issues in the field of education. The publication of educational papers refers to the publication of articles that discuss, analyze and demonstrate a certain issue in the field of education in official national publications.

Education and scientific research is a rather complex thinking activity, and it is necessary to describe its scientific research results for others to understand. It is impossible for us to conduct education, scientific research, and think about problems with only our brains. We need to use words to process, organize, refine, and record the problems we think about and the results of research, so that creative thinking can be unfolded layer by layer and step by step. Dig deep, and visualize it on paper, that’s the educational essay.

common type

Common types of educational papers: due to the complexity of educational science research objects and the diversity of research methods, the writing methods of the papers are also rich and colorful. In the process, the writing of some stylistic articles gradually formed some specific norms—that is, the basic type of structure.

According to the existing subjects, educational papers can be divided into:

Education and teaching papers , early childhood education papers, primary education papers, preschool education papers, Chinese education papers, quality education papers, family education papers, music education papers, art education papers, foreign language education papers, psychology papers, physical education papers, basic education Papers, higher education papers, ideological education papers, vocational education papers

seminar paper

Papers that conduct special analysis on problems or weak links in educational theory or educational practice, and put forward their own opinions or solutions. Its key is “argumentation”, which is the basic feature and foundation of all educational papers.

empirical essay

Based on the experience and understanding gained in the practice of education and teaching, analyze, generalize, abstract, and refine, and raise the perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge and write a paper. This is the most common paper type for elementary and middle school teachers.

review essay

Including review papers and critical papers. It is a kind of paper that summarizes other people’s existing research results in a certain academic problem or a certain research field, further analyzes and comments, and then expresses their own opinions. Including post-reading impressions , elaboration of new theories and new viewpoints.

report paper

Refers to a paper that describes or illustrates a fixed procedure in the study of educational practice. There are mainly survey reports, experience summary reports, and experimental research reports.

Thesis

There are more and more in-service teachers who are studying for degrees, and they are also beginning to pay attention to the style of dissertations. To write this type of paper, the requirements for topic selection are relatively strict. Generally, the length is longer and the weight is heavier, and the topic must be adapted to it; the arguments it puts forward are innovative insights on the topic; , Sufficient, and coordinated material selection criteria; it particularly emphasizes new facts, new theories, new figures, and new developments, and the entire content must be highly theoretical, creative, and demonstrative, so as to reflect a strong theoretical color; in terms of structure, The overall structure can be arranged with reference to the basic structure of general academic papers.

Narrative Research Report

The main point of educational narrative research: Narrative should have a theme. The “theme” of the narrative is generated from one or several teaching events, rather than using a certain theoretical problem as a “hat”, and then selecting several teaching cases as examples. The report formed by educational narrative is a kind of “educational narrative” rather than a traditional educational “paper”. This kind of educational ” narrative ” can arouse the “resonance” of readers more than traditional educational “papers”, and thus reflect its research value. Narrative research reports are mainly “narrative”, but written on the basis of one’s own “reflection”, “narrative and discussion”, can more truly and deeply reflect the whole process of research and the author’s thinking. Educational narration has played a strong role in promoting the improvement of one’s own education and teaching ideas and the improvement of one’s own education and teaching level.

requirements

Educational thesis consists of cover, graduation design (thesis) grade review form, graduation design (thesis) task statement, opening report, mid-term inspection, final acceptance, Chinese abstract, English abstract, table of contents, text, references, and appendix twelve parts . The format of the various parts is detailed in the appendix;

⑴ Cover: The cover includes the thesis title, student name, class, etc.;

⑵ Achievement review form: including thesis comments and thesis scores, to be filled out by the defense committee;

⑶ task book: to be filled out by the instructor and distributed to the students when arranging the graduation project;

⑷ Proposal report: students write it carefully and hand it over to the instructor for inspection, and it will be valid with the signature of the instructor;

⑸ Mid-term report: written by the students carefully, signed by the instructor;

⑹ Acceptance of final questions: written carefully by the students, signed by the instructor;

⑺Table of Contents: Compiled according to three-level titles, requiring clear levels, mainly including abstract, main level titles of the text, references, appendices, etc.;

⑻ Abstract: The Chinese abstract should be around 400 words, including the title, abstract, and keywords (3 to 5), and the English abstract should correspond to the Chinese abstract;

⑼ Text: The text of the paper includes the introduction (or rock socket, overview, etc.), the main body of the paper, and the conclusion. Engineering papers are required to conform to the format of scientific papers, and the text should be more than 10,000 words;

⑽ References: must be those that the student has actually read, mainly published journal documents, not too many book documents, and must be directly related to the content of the thesis;

⑾ Appendices: Including foreign language copies and foreign language translations, relevant drawings, computer source programs, and if there is a graduation internship, a graduation internship report is required.

(1) Summary

“Abstract” requires extracting important and innovative main ideas in the article, and giving an objective and specific statement; should avoid subjective and emotional comments and explanations that are divorced from the specific content; do not seek to reflect the general appearance of the article, should avoid The following terms are used: 1. What issues are discussed in this article from several aspects;

[Analysis of Manuscripts] Sometimes there is a problem of mutual confusion between the abstract of the manuscript submitted by this journal and the concept of the abstract. The difference between the abstract and the abstract is that the abstract focuses on objectively introducing the essence of the literature to readers, so that they can quickly decide whether it is necessary to continue reading the full text, and is mainly applicable to academic papers; the abstract focuses on the content of the article or the author’s life and background Introduction and evaluation, intended to promote and recommend the work to readers, mainly applicable to books.

The English abstract does not have to repeat the content of the Chinese abstract, and the content of the expression can be different, but it must also be concise.

(2) Keywords

Keywords, also known as descriptors or subject words, refer to words that express the central content and have substantive meaning in the title, abstract or text of a thesis. It should be a subject-specific noun or noun phrase with retrieval significance. Based on the title, preface, epilogue, table of contents and other parts of the literature, the central theme factor and the modified limited theme factor should be summarized, and selection and selection should be made according to the needs; subjectivity should be avoided, and objective standards should be emphasized; attention should be paid to the comprehensiveness and quality of the subject terms. Specific. The selected words must have clear and precise concepts and avoid ambiguity.

[Analysis of Manuscripts] Some authors choose some relatively uncommon and artificial words in the keywords, or relatively vague and abstract words that are not very commensurate with the content of the paper, which cannot accurately reflect the paper from the keywords. The actual situation will also bring inconvenience to the search on the Internet.

topic

Title: Research Questions and Significance.

The title is the window of the thesis, and it should be a high-level summary of the content of the thesis. A good thesis title can generally reflect the direction, results, content, and significance of the author’s research. Topic quotations should be precise, concise, refined, popular and novel. When determining the topic, the topic must be specific, the excavation must be thorough, the reason must be deep, and the concept must be new.

abstract

Abstract: the main content and structural features of the research. This part is an independent article, generally 200-1000 words (in Chinese or foreign language).

Briefly summarize the main content of the article, so that readers can understand the overview of the article, so as to determine whether it is worth reading. The abstract should be two to three hundred words, not too long. Generally shorter papers (less than 3,000 words) do not need to write an abstract.

Key words

Keywords: the most critical and decisive words in educational research papers.

introduction

Preface (Introduction, Foreword, Introduction): 1. The motivation and background of the research; 2. The purpose of the research (which theoretical or practical problems to solve); 3. The research method; 4. The theoretical and practical significance of the research results.

Outline the motivation , purpose, significance and main methods of researching this topic, point out what work has been done by predecessors or others, to what extent, what has not been resolved, and explain the main results and contributions of your own research on this issue . This part accounts for a small proportion and serves as an introduction. The text should be concise, clear, and specific, so that people will know the basic value of the article when they see the introduction.

Thesis (text)

Main text (this thesis): Propose the argument (argument); the facts or theoretical arguments (argument) that have proved the argument; the argumentation method used in each paragraph and level (argumentation method).

This part accounts for the vast majority of the thesis and has an extremely important position. It is the part where the author expresses the research results. The key to this part is the argument, that is, to prove the thesis raised by the author. This includes the proposal of the topic, the assumption of the solution to the problem, the research process (problems that arise in the research and the methods to solve the problem. Means, main data), research results, etc. When writing this part, you should pay attention to the application of theory and logical reasoning, pay attention to the transition between paragraphs, pay attention to the primary and secondary, and grasp the essence. If there is a lot of content, subtitles can be added. Different sequence codes from big to small can also be used.

in conclusion

Conclusion and Discussion (Conclusion): A higher-level precise summary of the research results, or a discussion of unresolved issues (the results of a fully demonstrated topic and the new thinking elicited from it).

The crystallization of the entire research is the result obtained from the demonstration, that is, the conclusions drawn from the analysis, comparison, induction, synthesis, and generalization of this thesis, and the answer to the entire subject. When writing the conclusion, the wording should be rigorous, the logic should be rigorous, and the text should be concise and specific, so that readers can see the author’s unique insights. Ambiguous words such as “probably” and “may” should not be used. If no definite conclusion can be drawn, it should be stated that further research is required.

references

Citation Notes and References: List sources mentioned directly or indirectly (citation notes may be in the form of footnotes, endnotes, or new forms).

At the end of the article, indicate the literature that was referred to when writing the thesis; when quoting other people’s original words or original texts, the source must also be indicated for easy search. Doing so reflects the author’s scientific attitude and realistic spirit, and shows the author’s respect for the achievements of others. It also reflects the degree of the author’s research on the history and current situation of this topic, which is convenient for readers to understand the research situation in this field, evaluate the level of the paper and the credibility of the conclusion.

Writing Skills

Educational thesis is an understanding of education and teaching experience or viewpoints. To write a good education thesis, one must have a deep understanding of education and teaching, that is to say, one must have rich teaching experience; Their advantages are three: you must have a good writing style. In addition, your point of view must be novel. If you write something that others have published more than ten years ago, no publication will take it seriously.

The form of educational papers should follow the logical order of “introduction, one theory, one conclusion”. The general paper format generally includes ten parts: title, signature, abstract, keywords, text, conclusion, acknowledgments, and references.

The following ten parts are described from the title, signature, abstract, keywords, text, conclusion, acknowledgments, and references.

title

The title is the general title of the article, through which the essence of the full text can be seen. The title can be drawn up before the article is written, or it can be determined after the article is written. It takes a lot of consideration to draw up an appropriate title for the article.

The following four points should be paid attention to when drafting the title of the article:

① Concise. Concise means using fewer words. But less doesn’t mean shabby, it has to reflect exactly what the paper is about. Only when it is few and clear can it be called concise;

② Exactly. Precise means that the words used in the topic must be accurate, and no one can be ambiguous;

③ Be specific. The title must match the content of the article, so that people can know what the article is about when they see the title;

④ Vivid. Vividness refers to the crafted technique. For an article with the same content, several topics can be drawn up, and one of them must best convey the spirit of the article. It can summarize the theme of the article and arouse readers’ interest in reading, so that the article can play a greater role.

signature

Signature serves three purposes:

One is to show that the author has paid the price of hard work;

The second is to indicate that the author is responsible for the article;

The third is to facilitate peers or readers to contact the author.

Byline the article, only the actual author of the article should be signed. If it is written by an individual, sign the name of the individual; if it is the result of a collective, sign the name of the collective, or in the name of the collective, sign the names of the individual participants.

unit

The unit includes the author’s unit, the author’s native place and the zip code of the author’s unit. Put brackets in the box next to the signature, write the author’s unit in the brackets, write the author’s hometown every other word, and write the zip code where the author’s unit is located every other word.

Summary

Longer articles are generally accompanied by an abstract, and the abstract is published before the main text, which is called “content abstract”; the abstract is not an explanation of the original text, but a condensed version of the original text. It should convey the main message of the original text, and the writing should be complete, accurate and concise, and should be self-contained.

Key words

Keywords refer to the most critical and decisive words in the article, which are the symbols and prompts of the content, viewpoints, issues and categories involved in the article. The number of keywords in an article can be more or less according to the content of the article, generally 3-8 is appropriate.

introduction

The introduction is also called the foreword , introduction, introduction, prologue or prologue. Its role is to give readers an initial introduction to the content of the article. Short articles usually outline the general outline in concise language before the article, while longer articles have a special chapter to elaborate.

The content of the introduction usually has the following aspects:

①Why write this article and what problem to solve;

②The main point of view of the article;

③Historical review related to the topic;

④ The source, nature and application of writing materials;

⑤ The planning and brief content of the article;

⑥ New discoveries in the research;

⑦ Significance of the subject;

⑧ Definition of concepts and terms.

The items listed above do not require detailed elaboration, but only need to be touched like a dragonfly

text

The body is the main part of the article. The writing rules of the text are:

1. Discussion method. There are two ways of discourse. One is to take the whole process of scientific research as a whole, and make a comprehensive discussion on the relevant aspects; the other is to divide the whole process of scientific research into several stages according to the research reality, and discuss each stage in turn. The two methods of discussion have their own characteristics. The former is more comprehensive and inductive and can highlight the main arguments of the article; the latter is more faithful to the actual scientific research and gives people a real feeling. But no matter which method is used, it should not be a mechanical and rigid retelling of the actual scientific research process, but should be the product of the author’s induction and arrangement, discarding the dross and extracting the essence, discarding the false and preserving the true, from the outside to the inside, and from here to there.

2. Discuss the content. The discussion content of the article can be summarized into two aspects. One is theoretical and the other is practical. The theoretical explanation focuses on logical reasoning, while the practical explanation focuses on the description of the process. But no matter which one, they are not isolated; they complement each other and complement each other. Theory comes from practice and needs to be verified by practice; practice must be elevated to theory before it can become science. Scientific practice, whether it is observation, investigation, experiment, or literature review, must finally draw scientific conclusions.

The main points of the content of the article are as follows:

(1) Explanation of the theory.

①Presuppositions of facts or theories that put forward a hypothesis. The main points of the hypothesis, the scope of application, the data required for the demonstration, the specific elaboration and calculation, and the methods used include induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, etc.;

② Results. The content, rules, etc. of the theory;

③ Discussion. Applied ideas and working methods, existing problems, and evaluation of different opinions.

(2) Explanation of practice.

The exposition of the practice deals mainly with observations and investigations and experiments.

① The main contents of observation and investigation: the purpose, time, place, method and method of observation or investigation. The obtained information, data, graphs, photos shall be recorded. Analysis, understanding, understanding, and solution of the results, what problems are there, what are the scientific values, what problems still exist, and prospect predictions;

②The main contents of the experiment include: the nature, quality, source of materials, selection and processing of materials, etc. These materials must be explained in detail, the purpose is to facilitate repeated experiments by peers and verify the results. Experimental instruments, equipment, conditions, standard or non-standard, normal or abnormal phenomena and problems that occur during the experiment, etc. Experimental results, data, charts, and organize them. Discuss the experimental results or problems that arise in the experiment, what problems the experiment solves, what value it has, what problems remain to be solved, what is the approach, and the prospect.

in conclusion

The conclusion is the summary of the whole article. It should be noted that the conclusion is not to repeat the research results in this article, but to further draw scientific conclusions on the basis of the research results, from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge. It is based on the exposition of the main text, but it is more refined, more concentrated, more typical and more valuable than the expression of the main text.

thank you

To write a treatise, it is necessary to get help from many aspects. For those who help at work (such as comrades and collectives who have participated in part of the work, undertaken certain tasks, made useful suggestions, or given some guidance, etc.). Acknowledgments should be written at the beginning or end of the article. Words of thanks should be sincere and down-to-earth, not just polite.

To write an article, you need to cite some other people’s scientific research results, which is a manifestation of the continuity of scientific research work.

The purpose of listing “teaching documents” is threefold:

One is to show that the author of the article has evidence;

The second is to express respect for the research results of others;

The third is to help readers further explore the topics discussed.

An exhaustive bibliography is essentially a bibliography. The cited documents are monographs or papers in journals that have been published, and some are conference proceedings, manuscripts or letters that have not yet been published. All references should be indicated. When listing references, they should be numbered and listed in order according to the order in which they appear in the article. The complete method of writing references should list the author of the document (the translator should be indicated in the translation), name, source, page number, publisher, publication time, edition, etc. The above comprehensive article structure procedures are only proposed for reference. Mode only. As far as a specific article is concerned, it can make specific arrangements according to its own different situations.

(1) How to write the theme

Educational papers can only have one topic (it cannot be put together by several pieces of work), and this topic should be specific to the grassroots level of the problem (that is, the problem can no longer be subdivided into sub-problems at a lower level), rather than the problem to which the problem belongs. The field of study, let alone the subject of the problem. In other words, the subject of the research should not be too large. Because the range of issues involved is too wide, it is difficult to fully study it thoroughly in a master’s thesis . Usually, a master’s thesis should conduct in-depth research on a specific problem in a certain subject area and draw valuable research conclusions.

Educational thesis is an academic work, so its expression should be rigorous and concise, with prominent points, and professional knowledge should be abbreviated or not written, with clear layers, reliable data, concise words, thorough explanations, rigorous reasoning, and correct arguments. Avoid using literary or Emotional, non-academic language. If a non-universal new term, new term or new concept appears in the paper, it must be explained clearly immediately.

(2) How to write the title

The title of an educational thesis should reflect the main content of the thesis work concisely, and should not be general. Precise language is very important since others will search your paper by the key words in your paper title. The title of the thesis should be an accurate and specific description of the research object. This description generally reflects the research conclusions to a certain extent. Therefore, the title of our thesis should not only tell the readers what the research is about, but also tell the readers what the research is about. the conclusion. For example: “Between Fact and Fiction: Merle, Carpenter, and Wolf’s Views on Journalism” is more professional and accurate than “Research on Journalism Views of Three American Writers”.

(3) How to write the abstract

The abstract of an educational thesis is a high-level summary of the research content of the thesis. Others will search for a master’s degree thesis based on the abstract . Therefore, the abstract should include: a description of the problem and research purpose, a brief introduction to the methods used and the research process , a brief summary of the research conclusions, etc. The abstract should be independent and self-explanatory, and should be a complete paper.

By reading the abstract of the paper, readers should be able to have an overall understanding of the research methods and conclusions of the paper, so the writing method of the abstract should be precise and concise. The abstract of the thesis must not be written as an outline of the full text, especially avoid “Chapter 1…;Chapter 2…;…” or similar statements.

(4) How to write the introduction

The introduction of an educational paper roughly includes the following parts: 1. Proposition of the problem; 2. Background and significance of topic selection; 3. Literature review; 4. Research methods; 5. Structure of the paper.

1. Proposition of the problem: clarify the “what” of the research problem.

2. Background and significance of topic selection: Explain why this topic is chosen for research, that is, explain the contribution of the research to the development of the discipline, and its theoretical and practical significance to the national economy and people’s livelihood, etc.

3. Literature review: Make a detailed and comprehensive review of the literature within the scope of this research topic. “Review” must be accompanied by “comment”, point out the shortcomings of existing research results, and express your own ideas for improvement.

4. Research methods: Explain the scientific research methods used in the paper.

Thesis Structure Arrangement: Introduce the writing structure arrangement of this thesis.

5. The writing method of “Chapter 2, Chapter 3, …, the chapter before the conclusion” is the research content of the author of the paper, and the research results of others cannot be mixed indiscriminately. What has already been said in the literature review section of the introduction does not need to be repeated here.

There should be an organic connection between the chapters and a logical sequence.

(5) How to write the conclusion

The conclusion is the refinement and generalization of the main research results and arguments of the educational paper. It should be accurate, concise, complete and organized so that people can fully understand the meaning, purpose and work content of the paper after reading it. Mainly explain the status, role and significance of your own creative work and research results in this academic field. At the same time, you must strictly distinguish your own achievements from those of your supervisor and others.

How to do a good job of topic selection, the first thing is to have a problem awareness, look for social hot spots, and ask a few more questions about everything. At the same time, he emphasized the importance of reading more famous papers. Learning starts from imitation. In particular, he recommended to us Mr. Su Li’s writing style of “focusing on small things, making a big deal out of a molehill” and Judge Kong Xiangjun’s practical articles. After that, he also emphasized the system of argumentation, including the logical order between titles at all levels, the probative force between arguments and arguments, the brevity and standardization of articles. Especially in terms of standardization, the code of ethics requires the author to indicate citations in the article-this is not only respecting others, but also showing his own quality; in terms of expression norms, pay attention to punctuation, typos, and long and short sentences. Read more, read deeply and carefully, instead of reading ten lines at a glance.

Steps in writing an outline:

(1) Determine the abstract of the thesis, and then add materials to form a summary of the full text

The abstract of the thesis is the prototype of the content outline. General books and teaching reference books have summaries reflecting the content of the whole book, so that readers can know the general content of the book as soon as they flip through the summaries. When we write a thesis, we also need to write the abstract of the thesis first. Before writing the paper, list the title, main title and subtitle of the paper, and then insert the selected materials to form a summary of the paper content.

(2) Allocation of manuscript pages

After writing the abstract of the graduation thesis, you should consider the length of the paper according to the content of the thesis, and how many words should be written in each part of the article. If you plan to write a paper with 20 pages of manuscript paper (300 words per page), consider using 1 page for the introduction, 17 pages for the thesis, and 1-2 pages for the conclusion. The part of this thesis will be distributed again. If there are four items in this thesis, you can use 3-4 pages for the first item, 4-5 pages for the second item, 3-4 pages for the third item, and 6-7 pages for the fourth item. With such a distribution, it is convenient for the equipment and arrangement of materials, and the writing can be more planned. The length of the graduation thesis is generally 5000-6000 words, because it is too short, it is difficult to explain the problem clearly, and it should not be too long as a graduation thesis, which is determined by the theoretical basis and practical experience of general college and undergraduate students.

(3) Writing an outline

The thesis outline can be divided into two types: simple outline and detailed outline. The simple outline is a high-level summary, which only reminds the main points of the paper, and does not involve how to develop it. Although this kind of outline is simple, because it is composed after careful consideration, it can go smoothly when writing. Without this kind of preparation, it is difficult to write smoothly while thinking and writing. Taking “Thoughts on Cultivating and Improving the Construction Labor Market” as an example, a simple outline can be written as follows:

1. Introduction

2. Thesis

(1) Preconditions for Cultivating the Construction Labor Market

(2) The basic status of the construction labor market

(3) Countermeasures to cultivate and improve the construction labor market

3. Conclusion

The detailed outline is to list the main arguments and expanded parts of the paper in more detail. If you prepare a detailed outline before writing, then writing will go more smoothly.

Precautions

1. Contents that have become common knowledge in the subject field should be excluded in the abstract; content that should appear in the introduction should not be included in the abstract; generally, interpretation and comments on the content of the paper should not be made (especially self-evaluation).

2. Do not simply repeat the existing information in the title. For example, if the title of an article is “Study on the Rhizome Development of Several Chinese Orchid Seeds in Test-tube Culture”, do not write at the beginning of the abstract: “In order to… studied”.

3. The structure is rigorous, the expression is concise, and the semantics are precise. What to write first in the abstract , and what to write after, should be arranged in a logical order. Sentences should be coherent and echo each other. Abstract Long sentences should be used with caution, and the sentence pattern should be simple. Every sentence should be clear, without vague, general, or ambiguous words, but the abstract is a complete short article after all, and telegraphic writing is not advisable. Abstracts are not segmented.

4. Use the third person. It is recommended to use description methods such as “researched on…”, “reported on the status of…”, “investigated on…” to indicate the nature and theme of a document, and it is not necessary to use “this article”, “author”, etc. as the subject .

5. Use standardized terminology instead of uncommon symbols and terms. For new terms or no suitable Chinese term, the original text can be indicated in brackets after the translation.

6. Except for the fact that there is no flexibility, mathematical formulas and chemical structural formulas are generally not used, and illustrations and tables do not appear.

7. No citations are used unless the document confirms or disproves the published work of others.

8. Abbreviations, abbreviations, and code names must be explained when they appear for the first time, unless they can be clearly understood by readers of adjacent majors. Other matters that should be paid attention to when writing scientific and technological papers, such as the use of legal units of measurement, correct use of language and punctuation marks, etc., also apply to the writing of abstracts. The main problems in the preparation of the abstract are: incomplete elements, or lack of purpose, or lack of methods; citations, lack of independence and self-explanation; inappropriate complexity.

9. The writing of the abstract of the thesis usually starts when the whole thesis is nearly finished, in order to include all the content. However, it is also possible to write earlier, and then make appropriate revisions depending on the progress of the research. The following points should be kept in mind when writing abstracts:

10. Organize your materials so that they provide the maximum information surface in the minimum space.

11. Use simple and direct sentences. Avoid idioms, colloquialisms, or unnecessarily technical terms.

12. Ask multiple colleagues to read and comment on its brevity and completeness.

13. Delete meaningless or unnecessary words. But don’t overcorrect and delete the words that should be too much. For example, in English, the necessary articles such as a” an” the should not be deleted.

14. Use abbreviations as little as possible. There are many cases in English, and the unit of measurement should use the standardizer. Special abbreviations should be defined separately when used.

15. Do not include data in the abstract that are not mentioned in the article.

16. Don’t put unimportant narratives into the abstract for the purpose of expanding the layout. Even if the abstract can only be summarized in one or two sentences, let it be so, and don’t add to the snake.

17. Do not list all the data in the article in the abstract in large quantities, and only list the most important ones for the average and standard deviation or other statistical indicators.

18. Do not place figures or tables in the abstract, but use text as much as possible.

six points

1. Topics

Topic selection is the key first step in thesis writing , which is directly related to the quality of the thesis. As the saying goes: “Half of the essay is good”. For clinical nurses, the following points should be paid attention to when choosing a thesis topic: (1) Combine study and work practice, and choose topics with theoretical and practical significance according to their familiar majors and research interests; (2) Thesis The writing topic should be small rather than large, as long as you have your own insights or successful experience in a certain academic field or point. Or the lessons of failure, or new viewpoints and understandings, if they have something to say and are beneficial to read, they can be used as a topic; To what extent, we can also learn from other people’s research results on this issue.

It should be pointed out that the topic selection of thesis writing and the title of the thesis are both related and not the same thing. The title is drawn up on the basis of the topic selection, which is a high-level summary of the topic selection, but the topic selection and writing should not be limited by the title. Sometimes in the writing process, the topic selection has not changed, but the title has been revised and changed several times.

2. Design

Design is to further raise questions and plan a preliminary solution to the problem after the topic of thesis writing is determined, so that scientific research and writing can proceed smoothly. Nursing thesis design should include the following aspects: (1) professional design: it is a research plan proposed according to the needs of topic selection and existing technical conditions; (2) statistical design: it is proposed by using the method of health statistics Statistical processing plan, this design is especially important for the writing of nursing papers containing experimental comparison samples; (3) Writing design: it is the preliminary plan considered for drawing up the outline and writing. In conclusion, design is the blueprint for nursing research and paper writing, without which it cannot work.

3. Experiment and observation

Conducting necessary animal experiments or clinical observations is a very important step in basic or clinical nursing science research and writing papers. It is not only the basic process of obtaining objective results to draw correct conclusions, but also an important way to accumulate paper materials and prepare for writing. Experiment is a method to explore objective laws by using various material means (experimental instruments, animals, etc.) according to the purpose of research; observation is to consciously investigate natural phenomena in order to reveal the reasons and laws behind the phenomena. The main functions of both are to collect scientific facts, obtain perceptual materials for scientific research , and develop and test scientific theories. The difference between the two is that “observation is to collect the things provided by natural phenomena, while experiment is to extract what it desires from natural phenomena.” Therefore, no matter whether animal experiments or clinical observations are carried out, they must be detailed and serious. Based on various facts, and make various records in the work.

Some nursing thesis writing does not necessarily require animal experiments or clinical observations, such as nursing management papers or nursing reviews, etc., but necessary social practice activities are still indispensable. Valuable results may be obtained.

4. Data collection and processing

Information is the basis for writing a thesis. After determining the topic, designing, and necessary observations and experiments, the collection and processing of data is a further preparation for thesis writing.

Thesis writing materials can be divided into two categories: first-hand information and second-hand information. The former is also called primary data or direct data, which refers to things that the author personally participates in the investigation, research or experience, such as records made in experiments or observations, etc., all belong to this type of data; the latter is also called the second Secondary data or indirect data refer to relevant professional or special literature materials, which mainly rely on the accumulation of usual study. On the basis of obtaining enough data, it is necessary to process it to make it systematic and orderly, which is convenient for application. For thesis writing, these two types of materials are indispensable. They must be properly used in thesis writing, and attention should be paid to distinguish between primary and secondary. Overwhelm the guests. The use of first-hand information must also be true, accurate and correct.

5. Thesis writing outline

Writing a thesis outline is also an important step in the thesis writing process, and it can be said that it has entered the formal writing stage. First of all, you need to have a general understanding of the basic types (commonly used formats) of academic papers, and consider the composition of the paper based on the information you have. Writers of beginner papers can refer to the types of papers published in magazines to know what they are doing; secondly, they should do further research on the materials they have mastered, and consider the selection and application of many materials in an all-round way, so as to make the arguments prominent, reliable and powerful. , the content of each part is well connected. Third, consider the level of detail of the thesis outline. The thesis outline can be divided into rough outline and detailed outline. The former only reminds the main points of each part, and does not involve the materials and the development of the thesis. Available for experienced paper authors. But for beginner thesis writers, it is best to draw up a more detailed writing outline, which not only puts forward the main points of each part of the thesis, but also has a detailed arrangement of the materials and materials involved and the relationship between the various parts. Reflected, writing can be handy.

6. Write with a pen

Writing with a pen marks that scientific research has entered the stage of expressing results. On the basis of good topic selection, rich materials and detailed outline, writing should be smooth, but it should not be taken lightly. For a high-quality academic paper, the content must be substantial, but the form must also be particular. The written expression must be concise and accurate, the grammar and rhetoric must conform to the norm, and the sentence length must be moderate. Special attention should be paid to adopting the style of medical science and technology, expressing in declarative sentences, reducing or avoiding exclamations, lyrical sentences and slang terms, and not linking party and government leaders and their speeches or political situations at the beginning or end of the paper.

Essay writing, like writing in other styles, has the continuity of thinking. Therefore, when writing, we should try our best to eliminate all kinds of interference, so that the thinking activities can continue, concentrate our energy, and strive to complete in one go. For longer papers, part should be completed in one go, without stopping halfway, so that the writing effect is better.

writing requirement

1. Foreword

The preface part is also commonly used as titles such as “Introduction”, “Introduction”, “Problem Background”, etc. In this part, the main topic of the paper is introduced.

First of all, the background and significance of the topic selection should be clarified. The topic selection needs to emphasize the actual background, explain the causes of the problem in computer research or in the work of departmental information construction, management modernization, etc., the environment and conditions in which the problem occurs, and what role it can play after solving the problem. Combined with the elaboration of the background of the problem, it is necessary to make readers feel that this topic has practical and academic value, and there is a need for research or development.

The preface often plays the role of finishing touch. The topic selection is practical and innovative, which means that your research or development is in the right direction, and the design work is valuable. For a thesis, a well-written preface will attract readers, make them interested in your topic, and willing to learn more about your work.

2. Overview

The research or development of any subject has a subject or technology basis. The overview part mainly expounds the development process and research direction of the selected topic in the corresponding subject field, especially the development trend and latest achievements in recent years. By comparing and commenting on the research results at home and abroad, explain whether the selected topic is in line with the current research direction and has made progress, or has adopted the latest technology and improved it, so that readers can further understand the significance of the selected topic. The summary part can reflect the various abilities of the graduation design students. First of all, it reflects the reading ability of Chinese and foreign literature. By consulting the literature, understanding the research level of the peers, and effectively using the literature in the work and papers, this can not only avoid simple repeated research, but also enable the research and development work to have a high starting point. Secondly, it can also reflect the ability of comprehensive analysis. Finding what can be used for reference and reference from a large number of documents requires not only a certain level of professional knowledge, but also a certain comprehensive ability. Whether the research results of the peers can grasp the main points, and whether the comments on the advantages and disadvantages are realistic and appropriate are related to a person’s ability to analyze and understand. It is worth noting that in order to do a good job in a graduation thesis, one must read a certain amount (2~3) of foreign language materials, which not only reflects one’s foreign language reading ability, but also contributes to the advanced nature of the thesis.

3. Proposal demonstration

After clarifying the problem to be solved and the literature review, it is natural to put forward your own ideas and solutions to solve the problem. In terms of writing methods, one is to show the value of one’s own scheme by comparison, and the other is to let readers understand the innovation of the scheme or the innovative ideas, algorithms and key technologies.

When comparing with the schemes in the literature, you should first explain your own design scheme, explain why you choose or design such a scheme, how the advantages of the previous comments are reflected in this scheme, and how the shortcomings are overcome. What level of performance can be achieved and what is innovative (or new) about the finished work. If your topic is part of the overall plan, you must clearly state the part you undertake and your contribution to the entire task.

logical structure

The logical connection between the papers, that is, the whole of the things and affairs reflected in the papers and the connection between each part, basically manifests as a vertical logical connection and a horizontal logical connection, and the two are always intertwined. They are manifested in the logical structure of the thesis: vertical structure, horizontal structure, and combined structure.